Relevant crops (29)

Show the world map figure of estimated cases of GBS disease in pregnant/postpartum women, fetuses, and infants in 2015 by region. (3 relevant crops)

from 00006.png — relevant=True
the text specifically says "Estimate country, regional, and worldwide cases of invasive infant GBS disease, and outcomes in terms of deaths and disabilities for live births in 2015 using a compartmental model", which is relevant to the question "Show the world map figure of estimated cases of GBS disease in pregnant/postpartum women, fetuses, and infants in 2015 by region." because it directly mentions estimating cases of GBS disease in 2015, which is the core of the question, and the text also implies the use of a compartmental model for estimation, which is a method used to produce such maps. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00009.png — relevant=True
the figure shows a world map with pie charts for different regions, including Africa, Asia, Latin America, Oceania, and the Americas, with specific numbers for maternal GBS disease cases, fetal infection, early-onset GBS, and late-onset GBS cases, which is relevant to the question "Show the world map figure of estimated cases of GBS disease in pregnant/postpartum women, fetuses, and infants in 2015 by region." Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00009.png — relevant=True
the crop contains a world map with pie charts showing estimated cases of GBS disease by region for 2015, which directly addresses the question. The map visually represents the distribution of GBS disease cases across continents, with specific data points for each region (e.g., Asia: N=45,000; Africa: N=33,000–169,400; Latin America: N=6,000; Oceania: N=200). The pie charts within each region indicate the proportion of cases by onset (developed, early-onset, late-onset), providing a detailed regional breakdown as requested. This information is directly relevant because it visually and quantitatively answers the question about estimated cases of GBS disease in pregnant/postpartum women, fetuses, and infants in 2015 by region. Therefore, it's relevant.

What percentage of women worldwide were estimated to be colonized with Group B Streptococcus overall? (1 relevant crop)

from 00001.png — relevant=True
the text specifically says "17%–19% of women worldwide are estimated to be colonized with Group B Streptococcus", which is directly relevant to the question "What percentage of women worldwide were estimated to be colonized with Group B Streptococcus overall?" Therefore, it's relevant.

How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015? (9 relevant crops)

from 00001.png — relevant=True
the text specifically says "Estimate national, regional, and worldwide numbers of infants in 2015 with invasive GBS disease", which is relevant to the question "How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?" because it directly addresses the estimation of infants with invasive GBS disease in 2015, which is the core subject of the question. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00003.png — relevant=True
the text specifically says "in 195 countries for 2015, using adjusted United Nations sampling site [23]", which is relevant to the question "How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?" because it indicates the number of countries and the year, which are key components of the global estimate mentioned in the text. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00006.png — relevant=True
the text specifically says "infants exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015" and provides a range of "16.4–27.0 million" for the number of infants exposed, which is directly relevant to the question "How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?" Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00007.png — relevant=True
the text specifically says "We estimated 51,000 (UR, 23,000–8900) infants with EOGBS and 40,000 (UR, 12,000–75,000) infants with LOGBS worldwide", which is relevant to the question "How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?" because it provides the estimated numbers of infants with EOGBS and LOGBS worldwide, which are forms of GBS colonization. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00007.png — relevant=True
the text specifically says "infants with invasive GBS disease presenting with neonatal encephalopathy. There were an estimated 3400 (UR, 200–9000) cases in Asia, 3300 (UR, 100–8600) in Africa, 300 (UR, 0–1200) in Latin America, 100 (UR, 0–300) in developed countries, and 10 (UR, 0–40) in Oceania (subregional estimates are given in Supplementary Figure 10).", which is relevant to the question "How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?" because it provides the estimated number of cases of invasive GBS disease among infants, which is directly related to the exposure to maternal GBS colonization at delivery. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00007.png — relevant=True
the text specifically says "We estimated that there were a minimum of 33,000 (UB 13–52,000) cases of maternal invasive GBS disease worldwide", which is relevant to the question "How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?" because it provides an estimated number of cases of maternal invasive GBS disease worldwide, which is directly related to the exposure of infants to maternal GBS colonization at delivery. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00008.png — relevant=True
the text specifically says "that 29000 infants (UR, 0–51 000) with EOGBS and 3000 (UR, 0–108 000) infant deaths were prevented by intrapartum anti-biotic prophylaxis worldwide in 2015", which is relevant to the question "How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?" because it provides the number of infants (29000) who were prevented from dying from GBS colonization at delivery through prophylaxis, implying a baseline of exposure and the impact of intervention. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00009.png — relevant=True
the figure shows the number of infants worldwide estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015, which is relevant to the question. The figure displays pie charts for different regions with specific numbers: "Developed N=20,000", "Asia N=143,000", "Latin America N=24,000", "Africa N=220,000", and "Oceania N=500". These numbers represent the estimated number of infants worldwide exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015, as indicated by the context of the figure's content and the question's focus on global estimates for that year. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00009.png — relevant=True
the figure shows the number of infants worldwide exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015, which is directly relevant to the question. The figure includes a pie chart labeled "Latin America N=6,000" with the legend indicating "Early onset GBS disease deaths" and "Late-onset GBS infant disease deaths," and the number "N=6,000" is explicitly stated. This number represents the estimated number of infants worldwide exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015, as the figure's context and labeling are consistent with the question's focus on global estimates for that specific metric. Therefore, it's relevant.

What was the estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease, combining early-onset and late-onset disease? (9 relevant crops)

from 00001.png — relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "Estimate national, regional, and worldwide numbers of infants in 2015 with invasive GBS disease (including those presenting with neonatal encephalopathy), and outcomes in terms of deaths and disability, using a compartmental model." This directly addresses the question by mentioning the estimation of worldwide numbers of infants with invasive GBS disease, which is the core subject of the query. Although it specifies "infants" rather than "deaths," it is the only part of the text that explicitly references the global scope and the disease in question, making it highly relevant to the question about the estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00003.png — relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "Estimate national, regional, and worldwide numbers of infants in 2015 with invasive GBS disease (including those presenting with neonatal encephalopathy) and outcomes in terms of deaths and disability, using a compartmental model." This directly addresses the question by mentioning the estimation of worldwide numbers of infants with invasive GBS disease, which is the core subject of the query. Although it specifies "infants" rather than "deaths," it is the only part of the text that explicitly references the global scope and the disease in question, making it highly relevant to the question's intent. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00004.png — relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "Data inputs were limited for data from other regions (316 studies) were used to calculate the worldwide estimate of 0.58% (95% CI, 0.18%–0.98%) of GBS disease to estimate the number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease, combining early-onset and late-onset disease." This directly addresses the question by providing the estimated worldwide number of deaths (0.58%) and specifying that it combines early-onset and late-onset disease. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00006.png — relevant=True
the crop contains the text "Estimate country, regional, and worldwide cases of invasive infant GBS disease, and outcomes in terms of deaths and disabilities for live births in 2015 using a compartmental model." This text is relevant because it directly addresses the question by mentioning "worldwide cases of invasive infant GBS disease" and "outcomes in terms of deaths," which are the key components of the question. The mention of "2015" and "compartmental model" further indicates that the text is discussing a specific estimate and modeling approach for the global burden of invasive infant GBS disease, which aligns with the question's focus on estimated worldwide deaths. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00007.png — relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "We estimated that there was a minimum of 7000 (300–19 000) infants with invasive GBS disease presenting with neonatal encephalopathy." This directly addresses the question by providing an estimated number of deaths (or at least cases) due to invasive GBS disease, specifically mentioning the range (300–19,000) and the context of neonatal encephalopathy. While the exact phrase "deaths" is not explicitly used, the context of "infants with invasive GBS disease" and the estimation of a range implies a count of affected individuals, which is the core of the question. The crop also mentions "subregional estimates" and "Supplementary Figure 10," indicating this data is part of a larger study or report, further supporting its relevance.

[Yes], [the crop contains the sentence "We estimated that there was a minimum of 7000 (300–19 000) infants with invasive GBS disease presenting with neonatal encephalopathy," which provides an estimated number of affected infants, implying a count of deaths or cases, and is directly related to the question about the worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease]. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00007.png — relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "We estimated that there were 90,000 (UR, 36,000–169,000) deaths in infants due to invasive GBS disease worldwide." This directly addresses the question by providing an estimated number of deaths (90,000) for invasive GBS disease globally, which is the core subject of the query. The mention of "invasive GBS disease" and "worldwide" matches the query's focus. While the crop does not explicitly mention "early-onset and late-onset disease," it does provide a global estimate for invasive GBS disease, which is the key metric requested. The specific number 90,000 is the most direct answer to the question.

[Yes], [the crop contains the sentence "We estimated that there were 90,000 (UR, 36,000–169,000) deaths in infants due to invasive GBS disease worldwide."], [this sentence directly provides the estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease, which is exactly what the question asks for, even though it does not specify early-onset or late-onset disease]. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00007.png — relevant=True
the crop contains the relevant information that the estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease was 33,000 (UB 13–52,000). This directly answers the question by providing the specific number and its context (subregion in Supplementary Figure 11 and region in Table 4). The text explicitly states “We estimated that there were a minimum of 33,000 (UB 13–52,000) cases of maternal invasive GBS disease worldwide,” which is the exact data point requested. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00007.png — relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "In 23,000+ infants without access to healthcare worldwide, there was a further 27,000 (UR, 9000–5000) deaths from EOGBS in facilities in developing countries." This directly addresses the question by providing an estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease (EGBS), specifically mentioning the number of deaths from EOGBS in developing countries (27,000) and the context of worldwide access to healthcare (23,000+ infants). The text also notes that these figures are for "infants without access to healthcare," which aligns with the question's focus on invasive GBS disease (EGBS) and its global impact. The mention of "developing countries" and "worldwide" directly corresponds to the scope of the question.

The crop is relevant because it provides specific numerical estimates for deaths from EOGBS (a form of invasive GBS disease) in developing countries, which is a key component of the question. The text also contextualizes these deaths within the global population of infants without access to healthcare, making it directly pertinent to the question's focus on worldwide estimates. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00012.png — relevant=True
the crop contains a bar chart that displays the estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease, combining early-onset and late-onset disease, which is directly relevant to the question. The chart includes a section labeled "Deaths" with a bar for "Early onset GBS disease" and another for "Late onset GBS disease," both of which are part of the combined category mentioned in the question. The y-axis is labeled "Deaths (in thousands)," indicating the scale of the data, and the x-axis categorizes the disease types. The bars for "Early onset GBS disease" and "Late onset GBS disease" are clearly visible and represent the specific data points requested in the question. Therefore, it's relevant.

Which GBS serotype is described as the most dominant worldwide, and what percentage of mothers does it colonize? (2 relevant crops)

from 00001.png — relevant=True
the text specifically says "GBS is a frequent colonizer of the maternal gastrointestinal and genital tracts. A recent study estimated that 18% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17%-21%) of women worldwide are estimated to be colonized by GBS [21].", which is relevant to the question "Which GBS serotype is described as the most dominant worldwide, and what percentage of mothers does it colonize?" because it directly states the prevalence rate (18%) and the confidence interval (95% CI, 17%-21%) for GBS colonization in women worldwide, which is the specific data point requested in the question. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00009.png — relevant=True
the text specifically says "Serotype III is the most dominant serotype and colonizes 28% of mothers worldwide", which directly answers the question about which GBS serotype is described as the most dominant worldwide and what percentage of mothers it colonizes. Therefore, it's relevant.

What percentage of worldwide GBS colonization would a pentavalent vaccine covering serotypes Ia/Ib/II/III/V be expected to cover? (1 relevant crop)

from 00009.png — relevant=True
the text specifically says "A pentavalent vaccine (Ia/Ib/II/III/V) would cover 96% of worldwide colonizing", which is directly relevant to the question "What percentage of worldwide GBS colonization would a pentavalent vaccine covering serotypes Ia/Ib/II/III/V be expected to cover?" Therefore, it's relevant.

What case fatality risk was applied to early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant? (3 relevant crops)

from 00004.png — relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "We applied a CFR of 0.3 (0.1–0.6) to estimated EOGBS cases born without a skilled birth attendant, based on expert opinion as would be the likely high CFR in these 'unseen' cases." This directly addresses the question by specifying the case fatality risk (CFR) applied to early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant. The CFR value is explicitly given as 0.3, with a confidence interval of 0.1 to 0.6. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00012.png — relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The crop displays a bar chart titled "Deaths" with subcategories including "Early onset GBS disease," and within that, there is a bar labeled "Without skilled birth attendant" (indicated by the absence of a skilled birth attendant in the legend or visual representation). This bar corresponds to the case fatality risk for early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant. The chart shows that this group has a significantly higher case fatality risk compared to those with skilled birth attendants, as evidenced by the height of the bar relative to the others. The y-axis is labeled "Case fatality risk (%)" and the x-axis includes the specific group "Without skilled birth attendant" under "Early onset GBS disease." Therefore, the crop directly addresses the question by showing the case fatality risk associated with early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant.

[Yes], [the crop contains a bar chart titled "Deaths" with a subcategory "Early onset GBS disease" and a bar labeled "Without skilled birth attendant," which visually represents the case fatality risk for that specific group], [this information is directly relevant because it quantifies the case fatality risk for early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant, matching the exact query]. Therefore, it's relevant.
from 00012.png — relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "case fatality risks have been applied as at present (i.e., a higher case fatality risk for deliveries without a skilled birth attendant)." This directly addresses the question by specifying that the case fatality risk applied to early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant is the current risk level, which is described as "a higher case fatality risk." The context of the sentence also confirms this applies to the scenario described in the figure (early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant). Therefore, it's relevant.

According to the discussion, why do the authors suspect that GBS disease cases in Asia may be underestimated despite the region's lower maternal colonization prevalence? (1 relevant crop)

from 00012.png — relevant=True
the text discusses the underestimation of GBS disease cases in Asia due to lower maternal colonization prevalence, which is directly relevant to the question. The text states: "the incidence of GBS disease was thought to be underestimated in Asia, despite the lower maternal colonization prevalence, suggesting that cases are currently underreported." This sentence directly addresses the authors' suspicion that cases are underestimated despite the region's lower prevalence, making the content highly relevant. Therefore, it's relevant.

What percentage of women worldwide were estimated to be colonized with Group B Streptococcus overall?

00001.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 49, 485, 311]}

relevant=True
the text specifically says "17%–19% of women worldwide are estimated to be colonized with Group B Streptococcus", which is directly relevant to the question "What percentage of women worldwide were estimated to be colonized with Group B Streptococcus overall?" Therefore, it's relevant.

00003.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 739, 917, 919]}

relevant=False
the text discusses the risk of EOGBS disease in relation to maternal GRS colonization data and the number of cases of EOGBS in each country, but it does not mention Group B Streptococcus or provide any percentage of women worldwide estimated to be colonized with it. The text focuses on EOGBS (Enterococcus faecalis) and its association with maternal GRS colonization, not Group B Streptococcus. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00004.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 437, 920, 682]}

relevant=False
the text discusses neonatal encephalopathy and GBS disease in infants, not colonization rates of Group B Streptococcus in women. The text mentions "GBS disease" and "GBS cases" in the context of neonatal encephalopathy and global estimates, but does not mention colonization of Group B Streptococcus in women or provide any percentage related to such colonization. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00005.png

{"bbox_2d": [111, 52, 910, 910]}

relevant=None
the table contains the specific data point "0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

00006.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 810, 917, 906]}

relevant=False
the text discusses the estimated number of live births and the percentage of infants exposed to Group B Streptococcus in different regions, but it does not provide a specific percentage of women worldwide who were colonized with Group B Streptococcus. The text mentions "140 million live births in 2015" and "10.7 million infants exposed" in various regions, but does not state a global percentage for women colonized with Group B Streptococcus. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00007.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 882, 917, 915]}

relevant=False
the text discusses preterm birth cases attributable to GBS, which is not related to the overall colonization percentage of Group B Streptococcus in women worldwide. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00008.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 712, 917, 908]}

relevant=False
the text discusses maternal vaccination coverage and its impact on infant mortality rates, not the colonization of Group B Streptococcus in women worldwide. The text mentions "maternal vaccine with 80% efficacy and 50% coverage" and "maternal vaccine with the same assumptions with 90% coverage," but does not mention Group B Streptococcus or any colonization rates. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00009.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 462, 919, 525]}

relevant=False
the text discusses serotype III and its colonization rates among mothers worldwide, not Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in general, and does not provide a worldwide percentage for GBS colonization. The text mentions "28% of mothers worldwide" and "48% of EOGBS, 74% LOGBS," but these are specific serotypes and do not address the overall GBS colonization rate. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00012.png

{"bbox_2d": [195, 52, 798, 531]}

relevant=False
the crop contains bar charts showing the incidence of GBS disease and deaths in different groups (e.g., current vs. past exposure, maternal vs. non-maternal, etc.) across various disease stages and prevention strategies, but it does not provide any data or mention the overall percentage of women worldwide estimated to be colonized with Group B Streptococcus. The charts focus on clinical outcomes and prevention efficacy, not epidemiological colonization rates. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?

00001.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 416, 918, 480]}

relevant=True
the text specifically says "Estimate national, regional, and worldwide numbers of infants in 2015 with invasive GBS disease", which is relevant to the question "How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?" because it directly addresses the estimation of infants with invasive GBS disease in 2015, which is the core subject of the question. Therefore, it's relevant.

00003.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 128, 917, 374]}

relevant=True
the text specifically says "in 195 countries for 2015, using adjusted United Nations sampling site [23]", which is relevant to the question "How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?" because it indicates the number of countries and the year, which are key components of the global estimate mentioned in the text. Therefore, it's relevant.

00004.png

{"bbox_2d": [516, 246, 920, 388]}

relevant=False
the text discusses infant invasive group B Streptococcus disease cases and estimates of live births for each country in 2015, but it does not mention maternal GBS colonization at delivery or provide any data on the number of infants worldwide exposed to this specific exposure. The text focuses on infant disease cases and live birth estimates, not maternal colonization. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00005.png

{"bbox_2d": [111, 52, 910, 910]}

relevant=None
the table contains the specific data point "14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14.2 (1.0) 14

00006.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 810, 917, 906]}

relevant=True
the text specifically says "infants exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015" and provides a range of "16.4–27.0 million" for the number of infants exposed, which is directly relevant to the question "How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?" Therefore, it's relevant.

00007.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 162, 917, 307]}
{"bbox_2d": [515, 354, 917, 467]}
{"bbox_2d": [515, 591, 917, 655]}
{"bbox_2d": [515, 690, 917, 853]}

relevant=True
the text specifically says "We estimated 51,000 (UR, 23,000–8900) infants with EOGBS and 40,000 (UR, 12,000–75,000) infants with LOGBS worldwide", which is relevant to the question "How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?" because it provides the estimated numbers of infants with EOGBS and LOGBS worldwide, which are forms of GBS colonization. Therefore, it's relevant.

relevant=True
the text specifically says "infants with invasive GBS disease presenting with neonatal encephalopathy. There were an estimated 3400 (UR, 200–9000) cases in Asia, 3300 (UR, 100–8600) in Africa, 300 (UR, 0–1200) in Latin America, 100 (UR, 0–300) in developed countries, and 10 (UR, 0–40) in Oceania (subregional estimates are given in Supplementary Figure 10).", which is relevant to the question "How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?" because it provides the estimated number of cases of invasive GBS disease among infants, which is directly related to the exposure to maternal GBS colonization at delivery. Therefore, it's relevant.

relevant=True
the text specifically says "We estimated that there were a minimum of 33,000 (UB 13–52,000) cases of maternal invasive GBS disease worldwide", which is relevant to the question "How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?" because it provides an estimated number of cases of maternal invasive GBS disease worldwide, which is directly related to the exposure of infants to maternal GBS colonization at delivery. Therefore, it's relevant.

relevant=False
the text discusses global estimates of GBS disease cases and infections, including specific numbers for Africa and Asia, but it does not mention anything about infants being exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery. The content is focused on disease incidence and prevalence, not on the specific exposure scenario of infants at birth. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00008.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 75, 918, 633]}
{"bbox_2d": [515, 712, 918, 908]}
{"bbox_2d": [83, 827, 485, 908]}

relevant=False
the table contains data on maternal GBS disease, fetal infection, EOGES disease, and log10s disease across various regions and countries, but it does not provide any information about the number of infants worldwide estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015. The table focuses on disease incidence and prevalence, not on infant exposure estimates. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

relevant=False
the text discusses estimated infant deaths from maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015, but it does not provide a specific number for the total number of infants worldwide exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015. The text mentions "37,000 (UR, 15,000–68,000) infant deaths" and "37,000 (UR, 15,000–68,000) infant deaths" in the context of maternal GBS colonization at delivery, but it does not state the total number of infants worldwide exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015. The text is focused on the number of infant deaths, not the number of infants exposed. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

relevant=True
the text specifically says "that 29000 infants (UR, 0–51 000) with EOGBS and 3000 (UR, 0–108 000) infant deaths were prevented by intrapartum anti-biotic prophylaxis worldwide in 2015", which is relevant to the question "How many infants worldwide were estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015?" because it provides the number of infants (29000) who were prevented from dying from GBS colonization at delivery through prophylaxis, implying a baseline of exposure and the impact of intervention. Therefore, it's relevant.

00009.png

{"bbox_2d": [90, 55, 910, 390]}
{"bbox_2d": [82, 459, 490, 492]}
{"bbox_2d": [515, 461, 922, 525]}
{"bbox_2d": [90, 555, 919, 871]}

relevant=True
the figure shows the number of infants worldwide estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015, which is relevant to the question. The figure displays pie charts for different regions with specific numbers: "Developed N=20,000", "Asia N=143,000", "Latin America N=24,000", "Africa N=220,000", and "Oceania N=500". These numbers represent the estimated number of infants worldwide exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015, as indicated by the context of the figure's content and the question's focus on global estimates for that year. Therefore, it's relevant.

relevant=False
the text provides estimates for stillbirths and infant deaths, which is not relevant to the question about maternal GBS colonization at delivery. The question specifically asks about exposure to maternal GBS colonization, which is a different medical condition and does not match the content of the text. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

relevant=False
the text discusses the prevalence of maternal GBS colonization in infants worldwide, mentioning percentages of mothers with GBS disease and the proportion of infants exposed, but it does not provide a specific number of infants worldwide estimated to be exposed in 2015. The text mentions "29% of maternal GBS disease" and "96% of worldwide colonizing" but does not specify the year 2015 or the exact number of infants exposed. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

relevant=True
the figure shows the number of infants worldwide exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015, which is directly relevant to the question. The figure includes a pie chart labeled "Latin America N=6,000" with the legend indicating "Early onset GBS disease deaths" and "Late-onset GBS infant disease deaths," and the number "N=6,000" is explicitly stated. This number represents the estimated number of infants worldwide exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015, as the figure's context and labeling are consistent with the question's focus on global estimates for that specific metric. Therefore, it's relevant.

00012.png

{"bbox_2d": [195, 55, 797, 531]}

relevant=False
the crop contains bar charts showing the number of cases and deaths related to maternal GBS disease and infection across different time periods and prevention strategies, but it does not provide any data or mention the number of infants worldwide estimated to be exposed to maternal GBS colonization at delivery in 2015. The charts focus on clinical outcomes and prevention efficacy, not on global exposure estimates. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

What was the estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease, combining early-onset and late-onset disease?

00001.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 416, 917, 479]}

relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "Estimate national, regional, and worldwide numbers of infants in 2015 with invasive GBS disease (including those presenting with neonatal encephalopathy), and outcomes in terms of deaths and disability, using a compartmental model." This directly addresses the question by mentioning the estimation of worldwide numbers of infants with invasive GBS disease, which is the core subject of the query. Although it specifies "infants" rather than "deaths," it is the only part of the text that explicitly references the global scope and the disease in question, making it highly relevant to the question about the estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease. Therefore, it's relevant.

00003.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 340, 485, 404]}

relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "Estimate national, regional, and worldwide numbers of infants in 2015 with invasive GBS disease (including those presenting with neonatal encephalopathy) and outcomes in terms of deaths and disability, using a compartmental model." This directly addresses the question by mentioning the estimation of worldwide numbers of infants with invasive GBS disease, which is the core subject of the query. Although it specifies "infants" rather than "deaths," it is the only part of the text that explicitly references the global scope and the disease in question, making it highly relevant to the question's intent. Therefore, it's relevant.

00004.png

{"bbox_2d": [516, 437, 921, 682]}

relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "Data inputs were limited for data from other regions (316 studies) were used to calculate the worldwide estimate of 0.58% (95% CI, 0.18%–0.98%) of GBS disease to estimate the number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease, combining early-onset and late-onset disease." This directly addresses the question by providing the estimated worldwide number of deaths (0.58%) and specifying that it combines early-onset and late-onset disease. Therefore, it's relevant.

00005.png

{"bbox_2d": [111, 53, 910, 910]}

relevant=None
the crop contains a table with data on GBS (Group B Streptococcus) infections and their associated mortality rates across different regions and time periods, but it does not provide an estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease, combining early-onset and late-onset disease. The table includes data for specific countries (e.g., “United States,” “United Kingdom,” “China,” “India,” “Brazil,” “South Africa,” “Nigeria,” “Kenya,” “Ethiopia,” “Tanzania,” “Togo,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “Tunisia,” “T

00006.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 729, 917, 775]}

relevant=True
the crop contains the text "Estimate country, regional, and worldwide cases of invasive infant GBS disease, and outcomes in terms of deaths and disabilities for live births in 2015 using a compartmental model." This text is relevant because it directly addresses the question by mentioning "worldwide cases of invasive infant GBS disease" and "outcomes in terms of deaths," which are the key components of the question. The mention of "2015" and "compartmental model" further indicates that the text is discussing a specific estimate and modeling approach for the global burden of invasive infant GBS disease, which aligns with the question's focus on estimated worldwide deaths. Therefore, it's relevant.

00007.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 175, 485, 471]}
{"bbox_2d": [515, 354, 917, 467]}
{"bbox_2d": [83, 527, 485, 623]}
{"bbox_2d": [515, 591, 917, 655]}
{"bbox_2d": [83, 626, 485, 822]}
{"bbox_2d": [515, 690, 917, 853]}

relevant=None
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "We estimated that there were 319,000 cases (UR, 119,000-417,000) of invasive infant GBS disease worldwide (UR, 119,000-417,000) of invasive infant GBS disease worldwide (UR, 119,000-417,000) of invasive infant GBS disease worldwide (UR, 119,000-417,000) of invasive infant GBS disease worldwide (UR, 119,000-417,000) of invasive infant GBS disease worldwide (UR, 119,000-417,000) of invasive infant GBS disease worldwide (UR, 119,000-417,000) of invasive infant GBS disease worldwide (UR, 119,000-417,000) of invasive infant GBS disease worldwide (UR, 119,000-417,000) of invasive infant GBS disease worldwide (UR, 119,000-417,000) of invasive infant GBS disease worldwide (UR, 1

relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "We estimated that there was a minimum of 7000 (300–19 000) infants with invasive GBS disease presenting with neonatal encephalopathy." This directly addresses the question by providing an estimated number of deaths (or at least cases) due to invasive GBS disease, specifically mentioning the range (300–19,000) and the context of neonatal encephalopathy. While the exact phrase "deaths" is not explicitly used, the context of "infants with invasive GBS disease" and the estimation of a range implies a count of affected individuals, which is the core of the question. The crop also mentions "subregional estimates" and "Supplementary Figure 10," indicating this data is part of a larger study or report, further supporting its relevance.

[Yes], [the crop contains the sentence "We estimated that there was a minimum of 7000 (300–19 000) infants with invasive GBS disease presenting with neonatal encephalopathy," which provides an estimated number of affected infants, implying a count of deaths or cases, and is directly related to the question about the worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease]. Therefore, it's relevant.

relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "We estimated that there were 90,000 (UR, 36,000–169,000) deaths in infants due to invasive GBS disease worldwide." This directly addresses the question by providing an estimated number of deaths (90,000) for invasive GBS disease globally, which is the core subject of the query. The mention of "invasive GBS disease" and "worldwide" matches the query's focus. While the crop does not explicitly mention "early-onset and late-onset disease," it does provide a global estimate for invasive GBS disease, which is the key metric requested. The specific number 90,000 is the most direct answer to the question.

[Yes], [the crop contains the sentence "We estimated that there were 90,000 (UR, 36,000–169,000) deaths in infants due to invasive GBS disease worldwide."], [this sentence directly provides the estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease, which is exactly what the question asks for, even though it does not specify early-onset or late-onset disease]. Therefore, it's relevant.

relevant=True
the crop contains the relevant information that the estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease was 33,000 (UB 13–52,000). This directly answers the question by providing the specific number and its context (subregion in Supplementary Figure 11 and region in Table 4). The text explicitly states “We estimated that there were a minimum of 33,000 (UB 13–52,000) cases of maternal invasive GBS disease worldwide,” which is the exact data point requested. Therefore, it's relevant.

relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "In 23,000+ infants without access to healthcare worldwide, there was a further 27,000 (UR, 9000–5000) deaths from EOGBS in facilities in developing countries." This directly addresses the question by providing an estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease (EGBS), specifically mentioning the number of deaths from EOGBS in developing countries (27,000) and the context of worldwide access to healthcare (23,000+ infants). The text also notes that these figures are for "infants without access to healthcare," which aligns with the question's focus on invasive GBS disease (EGBS) and its global impact. The mention of "developing countries" and "worldwide" directly corresponds to the scope of the question.

The crop is relevant because it provides specific numerical estimates for deaths from EOGBS (a form of invasive GBS disease) in developing countries, which is a key component of the question. The text also contextualizes these deaths within the global population of infants without access to healthcare, making it directly pertinent to the question's focus on worldwide estimates. Therefore, it's relevant.

relevant=False
the crop contains information about the estimated number of GBS disease cases worldwide, but it does not mention "invasive GBS disease" or provide a specific number for "early-onset and late-onset disease" combined. The text discusses total GBS cases (e.g., “minimum of 57,000 (UR, 12,000–104,000) cases of stillbirth with GBS disease worldwide”), but does not specify the distinction between early-onset and late-onset cases or combine them. Therefore, the content is not relevant to the specific question asked. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00008.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 73, 918, 633]}
{"bbox_2d": [515, 712, 918, 908]}

relevant=False
the crop contains a table with data on maternal GBS disease, fetal infection, and EOGS disease across various regions and countries, but it does not provide any information about the estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease, combining early-onset and late-onset disease. The table includes regional and country-specific data for these three conditions, but no global death estimates are presented. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

relevant=False
the crop contains information about maternal vaccination for GBS and its estimated worldwide number of deaths, but it does not mention invasive GBS disease or differentiate between early-onset and late-onset disease. The text discusses GBS vaccine coverage and associated mortality rates, but does not address the specific question about invasive GBS disease or its onset timing. Therefore, the content is not relevant to the question. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00009.png

{"bbox_2d": [90, 55, 910, 389]}
{"bbox_2d": [90, 555, 918, 871]}

relevant=False
the crop contains a world map with pie charts showing the distribution of GBS disease cases by region and disease stage (early-onset, late-onset), but it does not provide any data on the estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease. The figure shows case numbers (e.g., “N=20,000” for early-onset in Africa), but no mortality figures are presented. Therefore, the information in the crop is not relevant to the specific question about deaths. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

relevant=False
the crop contains a world map with pie charts showing the number of developed, early-onset, and late-onset GBS infant disease deaths by region, but it does not provide a combined worldwide estimate for both early-onset and late-onset disease. The figure shows separate estimates for each category (e.g., “Early onset GBS disease deaths (1,000–12,000)” and “Late-onset GBS infant disease deaths (33,000–169,400)”), but no single combined number is presented. Therefore, the information in the crop is insufficient to answer the question about the combined worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00012.png

{"bbox_2d": [195, 55, 798, 531]}

relevant=True
the crop contains a bar chart that displays the estimated worldwide number of deaths due to invasive GBS disease, combining early-onset and late-onset disease, which is directly relevant to the question. The chart includes a section labeled "Deaths" with a bar for "Early onset GBS disease" and another for "Late onset GBS disease," both of which are part of the combined category mentioned in the question. The y-axis is labeled "Deaths (in thousands)," indicating the scale of the data, and the x-axis categorizes the disease types. The bars for "Early onset GBS disease" and "Late onset GBS disease" are clearly visible and represent the specific data points requested in the question. Therefore, it's relevant.

Which GBS serotype is described as the most dominant worldwide, and what percentage of mothers does it colonize?

00001.png

{"bbox_2d": [82, 49, 485, 311]}

relevant=True
the text specifically says "GBS is a frequent colonizer of the maternal gastrointestinal and genital tracts. A recent study estimated that 18% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17%-21%) of women worldwide are estimated to be colonized by GBS [21].", which is relevant to the question "Which GBS serotype is described as the most dominant worldwide, and what percentage of mothers does it colonize?" because it directly states the prevalence rate (18%) and the confidence interval (95% CI, 17%-21%) for GBS colonization in women worldwide, which is the specific data point requested in the question. Therefore, it's relevant.

00003.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 215, 485, 262]}

relevant=False
the text is a heading or title that describes the general topic of GBS serotypes colonizing mothers and causing maternal and infant disease, but it does not specify which serotype is the most dominant worldwide or provide any percentage data. The question asks for a specific serotype and its colonization percentage, which is not contained in this title. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00004.png

{"bbox_2d": [516, 437, 923, 682]}

relevant=False
the text discusses the prevalence and incidence of invasive GBS disease in neonates and mothers, but it does not mention any specific GBS serotype or its dominance worldwide. The text references "GBS disease" generally and provides percentages for cases in different regions, but no serotype is identified. Therefore, the information in the text is not relevant to the question about which GBS serotype is most dominant and what percentage of mothers it colonizes. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00006.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 164, 485, 327]}

relevant=False
the text discusses the prevalence of GBS in stillbirths and the use of a conservative approach for sensitivity analysis, but it does not mention any specific GBS serotype or provide data on the percentage of mothers colonized by any particular serotype. The text references "GBS" generally and mentions "GBS-associated stillbirth" and "GBS-associated stillbirth" in the context of prevalence and sensitivity analysis, but no serotype is identified or quantified. Therefore, the information in the text is not relevant to the specific question about which GBS serotype is most dominant worldwide and its colonization percentage. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00007.png

{"bbox_2d": [82, 627, 484, 822]}

relevant=False
the text discusses deaths from EOGBS, the number of deaths in different countries, and the distribution of cases across regions, but it does not mention any specific GBS serotype or its colonization percentage among mothers. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00008.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 75, 918, 633]}

relevant=False
the crop contains a table with data on maternal and fetal infection rates for different GBS serotypes across various regions, but it does not mention or describe any GBS serotype as the most dominant worldwide or provide any percentage of mothers colonizing it. The table shows infection rates (e.g., 1000-1200 for GBS 1, 1000-1200 for GBS 2, etc.) but does not rank serotypes by prevalence or dominance. Therefore, the information in the crop is not relevant to the specific question asked. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00009.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 462, 919, 525]}

relevant=True
the text specifically says "Serotype III is the most dominant serotype and colonizes 28% of mothers worldwide", which directly answers the question about which GBS serotype is described as the most dominant worldwide and what percentage of mothers it colonizes. Therefore, it's relevant.

00012.png

{"bbox_2d": [195, 55, 797, 531]}

relevant=False
the crop contains bar charts showing mortality and death rates for different GBS serotypes (including GBS A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z) across various disease stages and prevention strategies, but it does not mention or describe any specific GBS serotype as the most dominant worldwide or provide any percentage data regarding colonization by mothers. The charts focus on clinical outcomes and prevention efficacy, not epidemiological dominance or maternal colonization rates. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

What percentage of worldwide GBS colonization would a pentavalent vaccine covering serotypes Ia/Ib/II/III/V be expected to cover?

00001.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 48, 485, 311]}

relevant=False
the text discusses GBS colonization prevalence and incidence rates in various regions and populations, but it does not mention a pentavalent vaccine or its expected coverage percentage. The content is focused on epidemiological data, not vaccine efficacy or coverage projections. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00003.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 115, 485, 212]}

relevant=False
the text discusses stillbirths, preterm birth, and maternal and infant GBS colonization, which is not related to the percentage of worldwide GBS colonization that a pentavalent vaccine would cover. The text does not mention any vaccine coverage percentages or serotype-specific coverage. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00005.png

{"bbox_2d": [111, 52, 910, 910]}

relevant=None
the crop contains a table with data on GBS (Group B Streptococcus) colonization rates across different countries and time periods, including specific percentages for serotypes Ia/Ib/II/III/V, but it does not provide any information about the expected coverage of a pentavalent vaccine. The table shows colonization rates (e.g., “0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

00006.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 246, 917, 343]}

relevant=False
the text discusses the prevalence of GBS serotypes and the coverage of a pentavalent maternal GBS vaccine, but it does not provide any specific percentage or quantitative data regarding the expected coverage of a pentavalent vaccine covering serotypes Ia/Ib/II/III/V. The text mentions "We calculated the coverage of a pentavalent maternal GBS vaccine (Ia/Ib/II/III/V) based on these data," indicating that coverage is being calculated, but no actual percentage is given in the visible text. Therefore, the information in the crop is not sufficient to answer the question about the expected percentage. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00008.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 712, 917, 908]}

relevant=False
the text discusses maternal vaccination with a pentavalent vaccine covering serotypes Ia/Ib/II/III/V, but it does not provide any information about the percentage of worldwide GBS colonization that this vaccine would cover. The text mentions coverage rates for maternal vaccination (e.g., 80% efficacy and 50% coverage for infant and maternal GBS cases) but does not address the global colonization prevalence or the vaccine's coverage against the specific serotypes mentioned. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00009.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 462, 920, 525]}

relevant=True
the text specifically says "A pentavalent vaccine (Ia/Ib/II/III/V) would cover 96% of worldwide colonizing", which is directly relevant to the question "What percentage of worldwide GBS colonization would a pentavalent vaccine covering serotypes Ia/Ib/II/III/V be expected to cover?" Therefore, it's relevant.

00012.png

{"bbox_2d": [195, 55, 797, 531]}

relevant=False
the crop contains bar charts showing the impact of current and maternal GBS vaccine coverage on maternal and fetal infections, and on disease incidence and deaths, but it does not provide any data or mention about the percentage of worldwide GBS colonization that a pentavalent vaccine covering serotypes Ia/Ib/II/III/V would be expected to cover. The charts focus on vaccine efficacy and coverage in specific populations (e.g., maternal and fetal infections, disease incidence, deaths) rather than global colonization rates or serotype-specific coverage percentages. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

What case fatality risk was applied to early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant?

00001.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 165, 917, 345]}

relevant=False
the crop contains a general description of the study's methodology and scope — specifically mentioning that it estimates the burden of GBS disease in pregnant and postpartum women, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and input parameters for infant GBS cases, deaths, and disability. However, it does not mention anything about “early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant,” nor does it specify any case fatality risk associated with that particular subgroup. The text is too broad and lacks the specific epidemiological detail required to answer the question.

[No], [the crop describes the overall study design and data sources for estimating GBS disease burden but does not mention early-onset cases or case fatality risk for those specific subgroup], [the information is not relevant because the question asks for a specific risk associated with a very narrow clinical subgroup (early-onset, no skilled birth attendant), which is not addressed in the provided text]. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00003.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 639, 485, 918]}

relevant=False
the crop contains a paragraph describing the methodology used to analyze GBS data, including the use of published literature, database searches, and statistical models (e.g., “proportion of infants with GBS meningitis,” “proportion of infants with GBS meningitis who had moderate to severe neurocognitive impairment”). However, it does not mention any specific case fatality risk applied to early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant. The text discusses prevalence and incidence rates but omits any explicit reference to case fatality risk for this specific subgroup. Therefore, the information in the crop is not relevant to the question asked. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00004.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 448, 485, 728]}

relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "We applied a CFR of 0.3 (0.1–0.6) to estimated EOGBS cases born without a skilled birth attendant, based on expert opinion as would be the likely high CFR in these 'unseen' cases." This directly addresses the question by specifying the case fatality risk (CFR) applied to early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant. The CFR value is explicitly given as 0.3, with a confidence interval of 0.1 to 0.6. Therefore, it's relevant.

00005.png

{"bbox_2d": [111, 52, 910, 910]}

relevant=False
the crop contains a table with data on GBS (Group B Streptococcus) cases, including metrics like "Case fatality risk," "Number of cases," "Number of deaths," and "Number of cases with GBS," but it does not specify any case fatality risk applied to early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant. The table includes columns for "Case fatality risk" and "Number of cases," but no specific subgroup or condition (e.g., “early-onset” or “without skilled birth attendant”) is mentioned in the context of case fatality risk. Therefore, the information in the crop is not relevant to the specific question asked. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00006.png

{"bbox_2d": [81, 692, 488, 790]}

relevant=False
the crop contains a paragraph describing a methodological approach to estimating case fatality risk for early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant, but it does not state the actual calculated risk value. The text explains that the study adjusted for skilled birth attendance and applied regional facility CFRs to estimate deaths, but it does not provide the specific risk percentage or multiplier used in the calculation. Therefore, while the crop is relevant to the general topic of the question, it does not answer the specific question about the applied case fatality risk. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00007.png

{"bbox_2d": [516, 477, 918, 557]}

relevant=False
the crop contains a general statement about estimating case fatality risk for GBS disease using pooled estimates from meta-analyses, but it does not specify any particular case fatality risk value or mention early-onset cases born without a skilled birth attendant. The text is too broad and lacks the specific data point required to answer the question. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00008.png

{"bbox_2d": [81, 75, 919, 633]}

relevant=False
the crop contains a table with data on maternal GBS disease, fetal/infant mortality, EOGES disease, and LOGS disease across various regions and age groups, but it does not mention anything about "early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant" or any specific case fatality risk associated with that subgroup. The table provides aggregate regional and age-based mortality data, not stratified by birth attendant skill or early-onset disease. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00009.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 552, 917, 871]}

relevant=False
the crop is a world map showing the distribution of GBS disease deaths by region and case onset, but it does not contain any information about case fatality risk or the specific risk associated with early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant. The map provides geographic data on disease burden and onset, not epidemiological risk metrics. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00012.png

{"bbox_2d": [195, 55, 798, 531]}
{"bbox_2d": [81, 550, 919, 599]}

relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The crop displays a bar chart titled "Deaths" with subcategories including "Early onset GBS disease," and within that, there is a bar labeled "Without skilled birth attendant" (indicated by the absence of a skilled birth attendant in the legend or visual representation). This bar corresponds to the case fatality risk for early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant. The chart shows that this group has a significantly higher case fatality risk compared to those with skilled birth attendants, as evidenced by the height of the bar relative to the others. The y-axis is labeled "Case fatality risk (%)" and the x-axis includes the specific group "Without skilled birth attendant" under "Early onset GBS disease." Therefore, the crop directly addresses the question by showing the case fatality risk associated with early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant.

[Yes], [the crop contains a bar chart titled "Deaths" with a subcategory "Early onset GBS disease" and a bar labeled "Without skilled birth attendant," which visually represents the case fatality risk for that specific group], [this information is directly relevant because it quantifies the case fatality risk for early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant, matching the exact query]. Therefore, it's relevant.

relevant=True
the crop contains relevant information. The text states: "case fatality risks have been applied as at present (i.e., a higher case fatality risk for deliveries without a skilled birth attendant)." This directly addresses the question by specifying that the case fatality risk applied to early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant is the current risk level, which is described as "a higher case fatality risk." The context of the sentence also confirms this applies to the scenario described in the figure (early-onset GBS disease cases born without a skilled birth attendant). Therefore, it's relevant.

According to the discussion, why do the authors suspect that GBS disease cases in Asia may be underestimated despite the region's lower maternal colonization prevalence?

00001.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 49, 485, 311]}

relevant=False
the text discusses GBS colonization prevalence in various regions and mentions that in Asia, the prevalence is 13% (95% CI, 10%-16%), which is higher than in other regions, but it does not mention any specific discussion about why authors suspect GBS disease cases in Asia may be underestimated despite the region's lower maternal colonization prevalence. The text does not address the authors' suspicion or the reasons behind it. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00003.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 433, 485, 612]}

relevant=False
the text discusses a compartmental model for infant invasive GBS disease and a multivariable regression model for predicting national maternal GBS colonization, but it does not mention GBS disease cases in Asia or any suspicion about underestimation of cases in that region. The text is focused on methodological approaches to estimating GBS disease and colonization, not on regional epidemiological concerns or underestimation. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00004.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 49, 485, 312]}

relevant=False
the text discusses regional estimates of GBS cases and mentions that the authors suspect GBS disease cases in Asia may be underestimated despite lower maternal colonization prevalence, but it does not provide the specific reason for this suspicion. The text states that "the authors suspect GBS disease cases in Asia may be underestimated despite the region's lower maternal colonization prevalence" but does not explain why this suspicion exists. Therefore, the information in the text is not sufficient to answer the question. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00006.png

{"bbox_2d": [83, 379, 485, 608]}

relevant=False
the text discusses pooled risk ratios and odds ratios for GBS colonization and preterm birth, and mentions that the risk is 1.15 for cohort and 1.85 for case-control studies, but it does not mention GBS disease cases in Asia or any specific region's colonization prevalence, nor does it address why authors might suspect underestimation in such a region. The content is focused on statistical associations and risk calculations, not regional epidemiological context or authorial suspicion. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00007.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 162, 917, 307]}

relevant=False
the text discusses estimated incidence rates for EOGBS and LOGBS cases, particularly for infants, and mentions that these estimates are likely to be considerable underestimates, especially in low- and middle-income contexts. However, it does not mention GBS disease, nor does it discuss maternal colonization prevalence in Asia or any specific reason for underestimation of GBS cases in that region. Therefore, the information in the text is not relevant to the specific question about GBS disease cases in Asia. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00009.png

{"bbox_2d": [90, 551, 915, 871]}

relevant=False
the crop contains a world map with pie charts showing the number of GBS infant disease deaths by region, including Asia, but it does not contain any text or discussion that addresses why the authors suspect GBS disease cases in Asia may be underestimated despite lower maternal colonization prevalence. The figure provides epidemiological data on mortality rates, not a discussion or explanation of underestimation. Therefore, it's irrelevant.

00012.png

{"bbox_2d": [515, 625, 917, 921]}

relevant=True
the text discusses the underestimation of GBS disease cases in Asia due to lower maternal colonization prevalence, which is directly relevant to the question. The text states: "the incidence of GBS disease was thought to be underestimated in Asia, despite the lower maternal colonization prevalence, suggesting that cases are currently underreported." This sentence directly addresses the authors' suspicion that cases are underestimated despite the region's lower prevalence, making the content highly relevant. Therefore, it's relevant.